The use of a surrogate mother remains controversial – but things are looking brighter for intended parents everywhere. However, the legal system is complicated because it differs from one state to another. Nevertheless, surrogacy is still a possibility for you and your spouse, or single hopeful parents, whether it's due to reproductive issues or other factors. Learn more about it and decide if it's suitable for you.
What are the Types of Surrogate Mothers?
Traditional Surrogacy
In traditional surrogacy, the surrogate mother is artificially inseminated with either the sperm of the genetic intended father or a donor. They will then carry and deliver the child to you and your spouse to raise.
The biological mother of the baby is a traditional surrogate. Because the father's sperm fertilized their egg, this is the case. However, it's also possible to use sperm from a donor.
Gestational Surrogacy
It is now feasible to collect eggs from the mother, fertilize them with sperm from the father (or a sperm donor), and implant the embryo into the uterus of a gestational surrogate using a process known as "in vitro fertilization" (IVF).
The surrogate then carries the baby until it is born. Because it wasn't their egg that was used, they have no genetic ties to the child.
The "birth mother" is the name given to a gestational surrogate. However, the biological mother is the woman whose egg was fertilized.
Legally, gestational surrogacy is less complicated in the United States. Because the infant has genetic ties to both intended parents, this is the case. As a result, gestational surrogacy has grown in popularity compared to traditional surrogacy. Every year, about 750 kids are delivered through gestational surrogacy.
Where Do People Find Surrogate Mothers?
You can sometimes ask a friend or relative to act as your surrogate. It's a contentious issue. However, due to the exorbitant cost of surrogacy and the complicated legal concerns around parental rights that it generates, a tried-and-true familial bond may be easier to manage.
Certain family links are permissible for surrogates. However, surrogacy is generally discouraged if the child's DNA is identical to those born of incest between close relatives.
The majority of people use one to find a gestational surrogate mother. In the United States, there are approximately 100 agencies. They serve as intermediaries. An agency can assist you in finding a surrogate and making the necessary arrangements. It also collects any fees exchanged between you and the surrogate, such as medical costs.
Intended parents should look for surrogates who:
- They are at least 21 years old.
- Have birthed at least one healthy child, so they are familiar with the medical hazards of pregnancy, as well as the emotional challenges of bonding with a newborn.
- Have passed psychological evaluation by a mental health specialist to determine whether there are any concerns with giving up the baby after birth.
- Are willing to sign a contract outlining their role and responsibilities during the pregnancy, such as providing prenatal care and agreeing to give the baby to you after birth.
Who Uses or Needs Surrogacy?
If you're a woman, you might think about using a surrogate for the following reasons:
- Your uterus is causing you trouble.
- Your uterus was removed during a hysterectomy.
- Conditions like heart disease
- If you've tried but failed to conceive using various assisted-reproduction treatments, such as IVF
Surrogates have also opened up motherhood to persons who might not otherwise be able to adopt. For example, if gay men choose to utilize a traditional surrogate, one uses artificial insemination to fertilize the surrogate's egg with their sperm. The surrogate then bears and gives birth to the child. A gay couple might also choose an egg donor, fertilize the donated egg, and then implant the embryo in a gestational surrogate to bear until the baby is born.
The Surrogacy Process and Matters of Qualifying as a Surrogate Mother
Surrogacy is more complicated than simply becoming pregnant and subsequently giving birth. Though circumstances will change if you already have a person or couple in mind for whom you'll carry the child, here's a summary of what you might face:
Is Surrogacy Legal in Your State?
You must first determine whether surrogacy is legal in your state. Because no federal regulations govern this practice, the rules are fluid and subject to change. By contacting a local surrogacy agency, you can learn more about the legislation in your area.
Some Fundamental Requirements
After that, you'll want to see if you fit the qualifications to be a surrogate mother. These requirements differ by agency and include items such as:
· Age of previous pregnancies
· Body mass index (BMI)
· General health condition
· Medication history
· Lifestyle
· Ability to travel
Application
You'll fill out an application once you've demonstrated that you can meet the initial requirements. This could contain further information about your medical history. You may also be asked some personal questions about yourself and why you want to be a surrogate.
Medical Exams and Screenings
You'll require a physical test (or many), a mental health evaluation, and background checks. In addition, some agencies may conduct a home study.
Selecting A Surrogacy Agency and A Surrogacy Plan
You'll need to decide which sort of surrogacy appeals to you along the road. Traditional and gestational surrogacy are the two basic types (more on this in a minute).
Matching Process with Intended Parents
The matching process with intended parents can begin once you've devised a strategy and shared your intentions/goals with your agency(s). You'll also discuss whether you're comfortable carrying multiples and any other concerns you have.
The Legal Contract
You'll sign a legal contract with the prospective parents before you get pregnant that spells out responsibilities, who will pay and for what, and other essential information.
Getting Pregnant
Getting pregnant depends on your surrogacy agreement on how this happens, but it's commonly done via in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intrauterine insemination (IUI).
Giving Birth
You'll give birth when the time comes. Your surrogacy contract will also specify how the baby will be delivered and passed to the parents.
