Immersion programs, or also called 2-way immersion programs, dual language programs, are programs in which children are educated in 2 languages from kindergarten to 12 th grade with the goal of full bilingualism and full biliteracy. Often these programs are public in California, and they can be offered in a variety of languages. Now, the foreign language is not taught as a foreign language. But the curriculum, the content is taught in that language. In a lot of programs, there is an emphasis on the minority or the target language early on, like Spanish, Italian or German. And then as children progress, there will be more and more introduction of English, and there would be some taking away of the other language. So that by 5th grade, children would be instructed 50% in one language and 50% in the other language. These programs have been shown to produce very positive educational outcomes and usually children by 5th grade, children in immersion programs often outperform children in regular English programs not only academically but even in the English language or in math, meaning that the overall being educated in two languages, or knowing two languages very well, not just the oral component, but also being able to read and write those languages, might give overall a cognitive edge that would result in higher academic achievement.